GA-aided directivity in volumetric and planar massive-antenna array design

The problem of directivity enhancement, leading to the increasing in gain over a certain desired angle arrive/departure (AoA/AoD), is considered this work. A new formulation on volumetric array proposed using rectangular coordinates describe each antenna element, and azimuth elevation angles with general element pattern. Such formulated find optimal minimum distance between antenna-elements dmin aiming achieve as high gains possible. An expedite implementation method developed consisting placing distinctive plane dependent (θ0; ϕ0). novel concept optimizing for uniform planar (OUPA) introduced quasi-optimal solution non-convex optimization low-complexity. This reached deploying successive evaluation validation (SEV) method. Moreover, genetic algorithm (GA) was deployed expeditiously solution. For small number antenna-elements, typically N∈[4,⋯,9], achievable by GA demonstrates ∼3 dBi compared regular beamforming technique, steering vector linear arrays (ULA) circular (UCA), while ∼1.5 attained when an improved UCA larger two procedures, namely GA-marginal GA-stall, were OUPA also indicates promising surpassing 30 massive MIMO scenarios.